The word Kentucky, just by the by, as translated from the native American Iroquoian, is proposed to have two meanings: Some say it means meadowland, whereas others say that the word means dark and bloody ground and was so-called to commemorate the native American wars fought within the area. And although distillation of many different spirits continued in Illinois right up until Prohibition, the years that followed Repeal saw Kentucky, once again, become the whiskey center of America. They might have been making a decent living, but many, indeed, most transactions at that time were conducted by barter. Some of them filtered the whiskey they purchased in bulk in order to rectify it, taking out some impurities and rendering the whiskey somewhat smoother. The black-market price for whiskey was, in 1863, about $35 per gallon, compared to about 25 cents for the same amount at the end of 1860. Strangely enough, one of the major beneficiaries of World War II was the rum industry, the very enterprise that, in America, had fallen at the heels of the whiskey business some 150 years previous. According to this booklet, over 12,000 saloons had been closed by various means in the year 1909, and over 41 million Americans were living in dry territory. And telegraph wires were all the rage in this period, too; by 1850 over 50,000 miles of wire was strung up all over the place. The Lever Food and Fuel Act was enacted later that year; designed to preserve food supplies during World War I, it made all distillation of beverage alcohol illegal. Old Fitzgerald whiskey started being marketed in Europe in 1904. But with the proliferation of whiskey, it's not hard to find bottles that push those . Many others were hauled into court and fined for their lack of cooperation. Rates were based on the alcoholic strength of the product, spirits made from home-grown products were taxed less than those made from imported goods (rum, made from imported molasses, therefore, was more-heavily taxed than whiskey), and an annual tax was levied on each still, dependent on its capacity. But the 1791 tax on American whiskey was, of course, very unpopular among the farmer-distillers. Also in 1935, the Austin Nichols company, previously concerned solely with the food business, took an interest in whiskey and other liquors. Sometime during the mid-1980s, people who were wont to throw $20 on the bar and stay there until it was gone, were no longer able to spend it on four or five Screwdrivers or seven or eight beers. The worst is, that precisely as a consequence of the law, the taste for alcohol has spread ever more widely among the youth. Advertisements in magazines and newspapers of the time gave consumers the chance not only to buy whiskey at reduced rates, but also to receive special offers, such as an elegant gold-filled watch sent free to all who influence ten new customers to each order one gallon or more of our goods. If you had only four friends, you could receive the most beautiful set of Limoges China Dishes you ever saw for persuading each of them to order a gallon of spirits from the Security Distilling Company of Chicago. They were shipping whiskey to all sorts of colorful Western towns--Laramie, Tombstone, Dodge City--but it wasnt always too good; much was completely unaged and cut with water. These scalawags blended small amounts of straight whiskey with huge quantities of flavorless neutral grain spirits (distilled out at a very high proof in Coffeys continuous still) and a few flavorings; and yet they sold their product as straight whiskey.. The adventurous and the curious started moving farther away from the East Coast, boosting the whiskey business as they progressed westward. proof (50 percent alcohol.) The movement became known as the Womens Crusade and led to the 1874 formation of the Womens Christian Temperance Union in Cleveland, Ohio. No tale of Prohibition would be complete without a few words on this colorful woman. Not long after, many a fine barrel of whiskey was being made in the Bards Town area. They had no points to pay on the closing, no smooth broker taking a percentage, and no rent to pay until the Revolutionary War ended (The Treaty of Paris, September 3, 1783). Therefore, strong drink is a luxury that takes food from the mouths of all people. The name firewater comes from the practice of cowboys or tradesmen exchanging whiskey for goods from the indigenous populations. You would think that you could trust something called the Whiskey Trust. Meanwhile, across the Atlantic, the storm that would become World War II was brewing. When wet days returned, Schenley, which was in the same boat as most other whiskey producers who did not have enough aged product on hand, decided to mix some of their good aged whiskey with some younger straight whiskeys and market it as Golden Wedding--the first blend of straight whiskeys on the market. And at times, the reverse is true--whiskey has affected the nation itself. Undeterred, they turned their talents to fermenting other fruits--and even vegetables. The George T. Stagg Distillery went on to become the Ancient Age Distillery and was sold before Schenley was taken over. In effect, Lincoln was urging the temperance group to enlighten the public. They had conned Grant into becoming an ally, and the scheme backfired. In this same speech Lincoln stated his belief that people would be more likely to stop drinking if, instead of being preached to about the evils of alcohol, they were shown examples of how sobriety would enhance their lives. Its interesting to note just how much the whiskey business helped the war effort at this time. In 1876 Tom Moore and Ben Mattingly bought their first distillery. Whiskey spurred the women of America to lead a crusade that led to Prohibition, and has played a part in every major war this nation has seen. However, since it takes 10 full days for the whiskey to travel through all of the charcoal, we think he was referring to his new, though slow, method of filtration. Brown-Forman (Old Forester, Early Times) had a supply of aged whisky on hand to kick off the 1933 celebrations. Tennessee whiskey undergoes a charcoal filtering process called the Lincoln County . By 1786, the whiskey we now call bourbon was known as Kentucky or Western whiskey--just so people could distinguish it from Pennsylvania, Monongahela, or Maryland rye whiskey. According to Gerald Carson in his book, The Social History of Bourbon, since the Northern soldiers had more money than their adversaries, they could buy more whiskey. The Reawakening of the American Whiskey Business. For many proponents of temperance, however, the word meant moderation, not complete abstention. The country could have used a few more men who werent afraid to voice their anti-prohibitionistic voices at the time. Jefferson once asked the question, Who would drink whiskey if wine were cheap enough? Well, those who lived in the Bluegrass State might have argued the point. Carry Amelia Moore was born in Kentucky and raised there, in Missouri, and in Texas. Now he can instead buy his own car, and ride off for a weekend or a few days with his wife and children in the country or at the sea. And these tables were not present only in the posh bars, working-class saloons offered similar meals, but the fare on their tables--pickled eggs, frankfurters, stews, and thick, hearty soups--was not nearly as sumptuous as that at the Waldorf. Residents of Lincoln County, Tennessee, are becoming more and more upset with the Jack Daniel's distillery due to ethanol emissions in the air, which they believe to be causing "whiskey fungus," or black fungus. This date coincides nicely with George Garvin Browns 1870 decision to sell his Old Forester bourbon exclusively in sealed bottles. One of the strangest, most unpredictable effects of Prohibition, however, was this: Hard liquor actually became more popular than it had been prior to the Noble Experiment. No, not really, it turns out she was more a *sexual dalliance in the White House than an anonymous inside source, and that it was Babcock who wired the warning and added the odd signature. The whiskey man noticed an improvement in his liquor, figured out what had happened, and from that day forth charred barrels were preferred by whiskey-makers. There were few regulations about how the stuff should be made. They didnt seem to care that these very impurities were responsible for the very flavor of the whiskey. Made in Kentucky, this barrel-proof version has a higher . The fact was that since Jefferson Davis had made whiskey hard to come by, its value had increased by leaps and bounds. The first thing you need to know is that this place only offers Tennessee rye whiskey drinks, all are 80 proof, hence the name, and are infused with real ingredients for additional flavor. These simple labels say only "Overholt Rye Whiskey" with a year printed in red. ): During the period leading up to the Civil War, some brand-name whiskeys were becoming popular. Not only did they point to Babcocks warning McDonald of the impending investigation (dated prior to McDonalds being accused), they bore a strange signature--Sylph. Was Sylph the Deep Throat of the day? For more information, please visit http://www.gazregan.com. Since good straight whiskey was hard to come by during the dry years, the public had become accustomed to gin. Oh, the guys in Kentucky, Maryland, and Virginia werent too pleased about the taxes either--there were skirmishes and demonstrations, and tax collectors were burned in effigy--but it seems to have boiled down to Washington choosing to quell one area to set an example for the rest of the country. By far, bourbon is the most popular style of American whiskey and it's among the best-loved styles of whiskey worldwide. The company had $100,000 in capital and bought 100 acres of Louisville land where they built a huge distillery. The glassware and packaging for "The Ancients" was supposed to be unique and eye-catching and indeed, it was. But by contrast, a large part of the population has become accustomed to disregard and to violate the law without thinking. from 1879 until her death in 1898, was Frances Elizabeth Caroline Willard, born in Churchville, New York, in 1839. W. L. Weller (W. L. Weller Bourbon), whose grandfather, Daniel, had owned a distillery in 1800, formed a wholesale whiskey business in 1849, using the slogan Honest whiskey at an honest price.. Although many pre-Prohibition brands of whiskey made their way back to the shelves after Repeal, they werent always identical to their older namesakes. The straight wooden staves that are used to form a barrel must be heated in order to bend the wood into the familiar barrel shape. The book is full of questions and answers on many different subjects, one of them being: Q: Why are water and wine casks charred on the inside? When Prohibition ended, not everyone was happy about it: Dry Senator Morris Sheppard of Texas (during Prohibition, most politicians were referred to as Wet or Dry), one of the authors of the eighteenth amendment, made a speech on January 16 (the date that Prohibition went into effect) of every year since 1920, commemorating the Noble Experiment. In 1867 the Chapeze brothers founded their first commercial distillery and gave birth to a whiskey that would become known as Old Charter. Irishman James Thompson joined George Garvin Brown (his second cousin) in the whiskey business during the mid 1870s. This figure, of course, is somewhat difficult to comprehend until you learn that the same table estimates that, using the same criteria, in 1970, consumption was at 2.5 gallons. Bourbon vs. Tennessee Whiskey Fast Facts. 60During the 1800's, many ventured west in search of a new frontier. At one point Wiley is rumored to have taken a bottle of bad whiskey to President Teddy Roosevelt who examined the product and declared that if people could no longer get a decent glass of whiskey, it was time that something was done about it. The government did allow a couple of distillation holidays toward the end of the war, but it would be the late 1940s to early 1950s before most distilleries were once again up and running full force with a decent supply of aged whiskey on hand. Stitzel, Glenmore, Schenley, Brown-Forman, National Distillers, and Frankfort Distilleries--and these companies were allowed to store whiskey and sell it to licensed druggists, who in turn, could mete it out to customers who had a doctors prescription. But 21 years had passed since Prohibition had taken such wonderful, big-bodied, rich, flavorful whiskeys away from the public. A. Smith Bowman, a farmer in Virginia who had been in the whiskey business prior to Prohibition, started making Virginia Gentleman bourbon in 1935. 7 whiskey won a gold medal at the Louisiana Purchase Exhibition of the 1904 Worlds Fair in St. Louis, and the brand would soon be marketed overseas. It was too much for the industry to bear. Willard fought for more than temperance; she was also involved in other womens issues, such as suffrage and civil rights, and she had some further attributes that frustrated the anti-temperance folk. appearing to be friends of the law and just to round out his argument, Washington claimed that many persons in the said western parts of Pennsylvania have at length been hardy enough to perpetrate acts which I am advised amount to treason. However, several historians hypothesize that one of the goals behind Washingtons rallying federal troops to quash the Whiskey Rebellion, was to see whether or not the troops would muster. The most influential group on the other side of the Prohibition debate was The Wine and Spirits Association, formed in 1891 to counter the propaganda of the Anti-Saloon League and all of the other similarly prohibitionistic societies. The Willett Family Estate has worked diligently since the mid-1800s to start, perfect, and craft their award-winning spirits. Around when did water become a viable option? According to William L. Downard, author of the Dictionary of the History of the American Brewing and Distilling Industries, Peorias whiskey business was an offshoot of the citys active grain mills--surpluses were used to make whiskey. Paul Jones introduced his Four Roses whiskey to Kentucky in 1888. Nobody stopped making bourbon, rye, or Tennessee whiskey simply because sales werent as good as expected; they dealt with the situation as best they could. Jim Beam joined with Albert J. Hart to run the Old Tub Distillery in 1892. A popular anecdote has it that a careless cooper accidentally let his staves catch fire and conveniently forgot to tell the distiller who bought the barrel about the mishap. In the years between the Civil War and 1900, the very ways in which whiskey was packaged and marketed were also updated and modernized. Specifically, when he . (The army had stopped daily rations of liquor some 30 years previous, but it wasnt unusual for some commanders to issue whiskey to their troops.) After the companys 1934 fiscal year didnt turn out to be as profitable as predicted, its president, Owsley Brown, did the honorable thing and offered half of his stock to his disappointed investors in lieu of a dividend. They were out to prevent accidents and to help those with a drinking problem take care of themselves. One embarrassment was Jay Gould and James Fisks 1869 attempt to corner the gold market. But back when the governments excise tax was raised to $2 in 1865, the moonshiners of Kentucky and Tennessee were making white lightning in abundance and cashing in on the woes of the legitimate distillers. Well, something was done, and when the law was enforced in 1907, all grain spirits other than straight whiskey had to be labeled compound, imitation, or blended. Consumers interpreted this language to mean that the only true whiskey was straight whiskey, and this wasnt really fair to the producers of blended products, so when Taft took office in 1909, he decided to establish further standards of identity and clarify the definition. 23 gallons of industrial alcohol were required in the manufacture of a Jeep. But imported European barley took a long time before it became acclimatized to its new home. The farmer-distillers made a more than adequate living by raising livestock, growing grain, and making rye whiskey that they could trade to fulfill their other needs. A book in the United Distillers archives in Louisville mentions charred barrels, but unfortunately, the cover is missing and there is no date printed on its pages--just a handwritten note that includes a reference to the year 1854. They carry the passion for gaming and for spirituous liquors to an excess. His son, another T. W. Samuels, took over operations after Leslies death and ran it until 1943. The spirits they made were probably not the smoothest of potions, mind you--but they were liquor all the same. B. Dant, son of J. W. Dant, built the Cold Spring Distillery in 1865 and would soon produce Yellowstone Bourbon. Two bottles were sold in Glasgow in 2010, one to a US-based collector and one to a UK-based investor. They had no ruling monarch to worry about, could practice whatever religion they darned well pleased, and didnt have to pay any excise taxes, but that wasnt going to last too long--the nation had some debts that needed to be paid. So who was the first whiskey man in Kentucky? The whiskey business in the U.S. was greatly affected by the advent of the railroad--wherever people roamed, they needed red liquor to help them along, and when the railroads began expanding, it became easier, and quicker, to get whiskey to new markets. The Sassenach Blended Scotch Whisky. George A. Dickel, that other great proponent of Tennessee whisky (he spelled his without the e), started a very respectable rectifying and bottling operation in 1866. All was by no means lost, however--good whiskey men never have given up that easily. Only 140 bottles w Mellon private bottlings: After Prohibition, Richard King Mellon bottled some old vintages for his private use. The following month over 300 people (distillers and government employees) were arrested for their involvement in the Whiskey Ring, and everyone was certain that justice was being served. But still, there was grain left over. Kentucky became especially powerful as they had exceptional corn and limestone-filtered water, plus easy access to rivers, enabling them to get their whiskey on a flatboat to St. Louis or New Orleans. Did Lincoln enjoy the warmth of an occasional glass of whiskey? In 1864, David M. Beam, owner of the Old Tub distillery, was blessed with child--the one and only Jim Beam. He was thinking of running for a third term--even though he had once told Congress that he was not prepared for the office at all--and people within his administration despaired of some of the people he had chosen to work alongside him. For George Garvin Brown, this book was more than his way of countering the drys movement, it was a personal mission; he was a deeply religious man whose association with his church had been threatened because of his involvement in the whiskey business, and he honestly deplored the drys using the word of the Lord to promote their quest. The idea was that by attracting newcomers to the town, the surrounding land, owned by the same company, would grow in value. A bottle exists today, produced in 1848, that bears the word bourbon and the distillers name, M. Bininger and Company of New York. However, we are still left with that nagging question of the sour-mash process. He had the scientific knowledge to be able to tinker intelligently with various aspects of his processes in order to make a better whiskey. For those who insist on having a name, we say James Crow invented bourbon sometime between 1823 and, say, 1845. The biggest problem that faced the wets was that not enough people in the beverage alcohol business took the drys seriously--most people thought that if they ignored the drys, they would go away. But, in 1862, President Abraham Lincoln was forced to reintroduce the excise tax on whiskey to help pay for the Union war effort. There was plenty of farmland, a demand for liquor, and the strong backs, tenacious characters, and intimate knowledge of the still, made the Scots-Irish perfect people to help carve out a new nation--and lay the foundations for the whiskey industry. For some reason, everyone seems to want to know the name of the very first person to make bourbon. Leslie Samuels (Makers Mark) reopened his Deatsville distillery in 1933, and sold T. W. Samuels bourbon (named for the first Samuels to open a commercial distillery). Coffeys invention would greatly affect the whiskey business in Scotland, but its effects on the American whiskey industry would have to wait until after the Civil War. Frankfort Distilleries (owners of the Four Roses brand) survived the dry years and was bought by the Seagram company in the 1940s. Jim Beam died in 1915 *1947 and his son, T. Jeremiah (Jere) Beam, picked up where his father left off. However, just to give Craig the benefit of the doubt, if bourbon whiskey had a good reputation down south (he did ship his whiskey down there), he may have *called his product bourbon even though he didnt there. was the most consumed alcoholic liquor. A bottle of Old Crow in 1916 would have cost $2 to $3, depending on its age (the $3 bottling was distilled in 1884, the less expensive one in 1904), and rye whiskey at the time was being sold at similar prices. And north. Anyway, this woman believed that she had conversations with Jesus and that He had directed her to destroy saloons. Lincoln himself implied that he believed that the injuries were a direct result of the use of liquor--a bad thing. one gallon was needed in order to make 64 hand grenades or two 155mm Howitzer shells. Not that Jefferson was a whiskey man, he was much more enamored of imported wines. J. T. S. Brown and Sons (J. T. S. Brown Bourbon) bought the Old Prentice distillery in Anderson County sometime during early 1900s. Taylor William Samuels (Makers Mark Bourbon) was operating a commercial distillery in Deatsville in 1844. What could they do with all the leftover grain after all their neighbors had bought or bartered enough to keep them in their daily bread for the next year or so? American whiskey started its life as a raw, unaged spirit that had, as its main attribute, the power to spur the courage of the first colonists. A man named Evan Williams actually built a whiskey distillery in Louisville in 1783, and this is the first recorded mention of a commercial distillery that we can find, although that doesnt mean that Boone and Ritchie werent selling or bartering their product. Barley was also grown in these states, and it was familiar to the farmers and distillers. But, as we well know, if the public wants whiskey they shall jolly well have it, and the people who profited most from this very high tax were none other than the moonshiners. Lincolns secretary, John Hay, when recording the 1863 arrival of the Sons of Temperance at the White House, noted that the group blamed the defeats of Union troops on intemperance among the soldiers. Two of the more popular American spirits during the first century and a half of colonization were peach brandy, made mainly in the Southern colonies, and applejack (a brandy distilled from cider), which probably originated in or around New Jersey. George T. Stagg (The Ancient Age Distillery) opened his first distillery in 1840. All sorts of ploys were used to make this rotgut at least look good. Whiskey has always been stored in wooden casks, but not always for very long, and not always in charred barrels. Upon his release from jail McDonald accused Grant of taking part in the Ring in his book, Secrets of the Great Whiskey Ring (1880). The first cotton mill in America had opened in 1789, and when America signed a treaty with Spain in 1795, the Mississippi River became the old man whose back would carry goods for sale or trade with no hindrance from the Iberians. In 1640, William Kieft, the Director General of the New Netherland Colony, decided that liquor should be distilled on Staten Island. Colonel Albert B. Blanton became plant manager at the George T. Stagg distillery in 1912. It was economical. Bininger, as far as we are able to ascertain, was a dealer in bulk whiskey who bottled some of his product. Liquor in the 19th Century. Henry McKenna (Henry McKenna Bourbon) started making whiskey near Bardstown in 1855. Some distilleries installed newer versions of the continuous still so they could produce industrial alcohol, and others simply sent their low-proof alcohol to distilleries that could redistill it until it was strong enough for the war effort. The Pepper family was one of the few Kentucky distillers who could afford the taxes that spurred the Whiskey Rebellion. Drinking was still legal in some areas of the country--but not for too very much longer. The popularity of alcohol in Europe as a medicine was very high. The origin of pulque is unknown, but because it has a major . If they couldnt get the public to pay high prices for legitimate whiskey, they would have to reduce the tax and help the whiskey business back to its tax-paying feet. After watching people in Saghetti Westerns and Civil War Documentaries shoot whiskey like it was nothing, I was wondering about the strength of alcohol in the 19th century. And then theres the sour-mash component. And through the years, whiskey has developed into the complex, big-bodied, distinctively American bourbons, ryes, and Tennessee whiskeys that today, are savored by connoisseurs, sipped by grandmothers, tossed back by barflies, and discovered by almost every American as he or she reaches that magical age of twenty-one. But Hay could not believe it, the rebels drink more and worse whiskey than we do, he wrote. One of the women who had joined the Womens Crusade and was president of the WTCU. In the late 1800s, Irish whiskey distilleries began to add an 'e' to the spelling of "whisky" to distinguish themselves from their competitors making scotch, and Jameson Irish Whiskey was certainly one to follow suit. During the Whiskey Rebellion, some Pennsylvania farmers fled to Kentucky, adding to the number of distillers in the new state. . They settled in western Pennsylvania, western Maryland, western Virginia, and the western parts of North and South Carolina. Once again, it would be the men with deep pockets who could afford to cope with the new regulations that came with Repeal. They had found that by using only the center cut of their distillate, and returning the end of the run back to the still for redistillation (a method still practiced today), they could remove unwanted bitter flavors from their whiskey. Therefore, if we want to know who first produced bourbon whiskey as we know it, sour mash must enter the picture. (America was mainly a rye whiskey country until the early-1800s.) According to Oscar Getz in Whiskey, An American Pictorial History, by 1860, on a per-capita basis, Americans were drinking over 28 percent more spirits than they had consumed just a decade earlier. Carson does mention, however, that the log stills were used only for a primary distillation, and the spirit would then be redistilled in a pot still. (Not all these people personally produced brand names that are now familiar to us, but they did establish a whiskey-making tradition in their respective families--the whiskeys with which these families became connected are noted.). The company went on to buy the Jack Daniel Distillery in the 1950s. Decrying prohibition during that period was somewhat akin to promoting cigarettes in 1995--although it doesnt amount to treason, it just isnt politically correct.. During the years of Reconstruction more and more people, most of them experienced whiskey drinkers, went West. Even aspirin, which was discovered in 1849, wasnt used medicinally until the end of the century. People who had once enjoyed a few beers at the local saloon were now tossing back shots of whiskey and drinking fanciful cocktails made with poor-quality booze. 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