[4] Howitts pioneering anthropological work is compelling reading and provides a suitable counter to many modern narratives. I welcome you all to (insert place name). [2] Some historians assert that the number of 60 is an exaggeration, despite the witness accounts. Those who came in chains, those who fled famine, those who fled or survived genocide and war and its consequences. startxref The timing of this record is important because it was made after two of the three searches for a white woman allegedly held captive by the Kurnai. endobj According to Tyers, at least fifty Kurnai were killed by the Native Police and other Aborigines attached to the search parties. ~]}.>xxs6s;^^`MjEa 5oA/P;uv!MU~86>>iBTju?#Ghnudlnr\;u?pIyo%# if+;J6fLA,4lMMhn]Zrg b_tr>b$3]wG4?mdw # 7Lw/_Mx+47nY;N9Uvs1;. Use your same username and password to log in and you'll be When Angus McMillian and the Highland Brigade rode through Gippsland in 1843, they aimed to murder as many Gunai Kurnai children, women and men as they could. 0000024533 00000 n It beggars belief that it was accepted as a completely reliable historical source. He was shot through the foot and was so injured that he was called Club Foot.[39]. Gardner cites other versions of the death of Macalister and the massacre to build his narrative, all based on Gippslander or otherwise post-Dunderdale. They proposed a different name: Bunjileene-Purrine. [6], In contrast, there is an implicit assumption in Gardners work that the Kurnai were passive victims of European violence, but this does not do them justice. ]V)cxN:*e%{ZXi8C -[Y1d-ZZ. trailer While we are not personally responsible we continue to live different experiences from these events; some of privilege, some of disadvantage, some unknowing. Following the murder, Lachlan Macalister wrote a letter to Governor Sir George Gipps via the Sydney Morning Herald in which he implicated the governor for the state of anarchy in Gippsland due to the lack of official protection. According to Gardner, the Warrigal Creek massacre was revenge for his murder. stream Produced and directed by Andrew Dodd and Lisa Gye. 8 /Filter /FlateDecode >> endobj LGMedia. [58] Apart from the perverse logic of this claim, it is factually incorrect. One was a boy at the time about 12 or 14 years old. They travelled with Edward Hobson, who was attempting to find an overland route to Gippsland. This raises the inevitable question of whether the massacre story, based on Gardners interpretation, should be seen as historical fact or an apocryphal tale. 0000007199 00000 n [59] McMillans Bushy Park run was on the eastern side of the Avon. The Commissariat let annual tenders for the supply of fresh meat and other staples. Food and drink refreshments will be offered (meat, vegetarian and gluten free options available). 2, pp.20-21, [9] Cox, Kenneth (1973) Angus McMillan: Pathfinder, Published by the author. endstream endobj 92 0 obj <>/Metadata 5 0 R/PageLabels 2 0 R/Pages 4 0 R/StructTreeRoot 7 0 R/Type/Catalog/ViewerPreferences<>>> endobj 93 0 obj <>/ExtGState<>/Font<>/ProcSet[/PDF/Text/ImageC/ImageI]/Properties<>>>/XObject<>>>/Rotate 0/StructParents 0/TrimBox[0.0 0.0 595.276 841.89]/Type/Page>> endobj 94 0 obj [95 0 R 96 0 R] endobj 95 0 obj <>/Border[0 0 0]/H/O/Rect[243.918 110.871 393.795 129.239]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 96 0 obj <>/Border[0 0 0]/H/O/Rect[262.285 160.096 431.264 175.524]/Subtype/Link/Type/Annot>> endobj 97 0 obj <> endobj 98 0 obj [/Indexed/DeviceCMYK 244 110 0 R] endobj 99 0 obj [/ICCBased 111 0 R] endobj 100 0 obj <>stream [6=ViWy|4X$l`DvNk#F/W/kO>{Z_:/\ 'lrgQvFY+fGQ 4\y~QVG[\^aeiQ>mx2k |#R[?#5M. The history of early Gippsland will invariably include many intersecting and conflicting narratives. This documentary tells the story of the Warrigal Creek massacre of 1843 in Gippsland, Victoria, where as many as 150 Gunai Kurnai children, women and . endobj [7], Many histories of Gippsland have quaint notions of founding fathers, churches and shires, but the reality is that squatters occupied the region in order to capture a share of the filthy lucre of the Van Diemens Land convict economy. In the revised edition of Gippsland Massacres, Gardner reinvented the account, claiming the bones were carried away from the [Warrigal] Creek by the cartload. The Van Diemens Land convict economy provided the economic motives for the European settlement of Gippsland, which in turn led to conflict with the Kurnai. The aim of this article is to examine Gardners interpretation of the Warrigal Creek massacre story and his accusations against McMillan. 0001000963 00000 n News; Warrigal Creek doco at the Memo. One might assume that Balderstone was blissfully unaware of this when she moved to the farm in 1974, but she explains she knew about Warrigal Creek from the beginning. Historian Peter Gardner, in a review of all accounts of the massacre, wrote that MacMillan and the Highland Brigade aimed to wipe out all the Aboriginal people in the area. In October that year, ninety-seven Kurnai warriors made a revenge raid into Bunurong territory. It also suggests that the squatters were unprepared for the resistance they faced. He was hit in the eye by a slug, captured by the whites, and made to lead the Brigade from one camp to another. Balderstones home was built 20 years after the massacre which happened just steps from the front door. Your email address will not be published. The area of Nuntin is on the western side of the Avon and was shown in a survey map of 1857. Viki Sinclair, another member of the group who is descended from a member of McMillans Highland Brigade, says: Its the first time around here that the Aboriginal groups came across with groups like ours to work on something like this and it was something important to tackle and do together. Create events for free. 0000001936 00000 n In my research for Bitter Harvest, I could find no reference, in original sources, to The Highland Brigade, established, according to the Gardner version of history, to seek out and exterminate blacks. searching events in no time. Captain Charles Tyers RN arrived in Gippsland in January 1844 as the Commissioner for Crown Lands. In July 1843, up to 150 Gunaikurnai people were killed near the banks of what is now known as Warrigal Creek. true /ColorSpace 25 0 R /Intent /Perceptual /SMask 26 0 R /BitsPerComponent %%EOF 0001064309 00000 n 0000021061 00000 n Frustrated with the hidden history of the massacre, the makers of this 50-minute documentary sought oral histories and combed through archival works to capture and relay the truth of Australias violent past. Gardner regards tribal warfare as a myth.[18]. %PDF-1.4 % Welcome to you all., Read Quadrant online or as a printed magazine Starting at $88.00 a year. In a letter to the Age in August 1874, R.L. An important part of Australian history, necessary for reconciliation. Perhaps the most revealing example of Gardners influence is Cal Flynns Thicker Than Water, in which McMillan is denounced by his own descendant. Personally, it,s hard to know who to believe, such is my lack of confidence. E lizabeth Balderstone leads a lifestyle that many city dwellers fantasise about, on a farm in Victoria's Gippsland, surrounded by friendly sheep, with a humble little creek just 60 metres from. Some of the tale also bears a resemblance to accounts of the Hospital Creek massacre in New South Wales that emerged between 1911 and 1919, in which the survivor was a one-eyed Aborigine. endobj 0000001766 00000 n xX[~`*E}KgnvqEd%$4?9h1s7KDE+>RT*;[(b [4][1], Despite the widespread belief that MacMillan led several massacres, as of 2021[update] there are over 12 monuments in the Gippsland region dedicated to him. Is there any aspect of our history that has now not been corrupted by the SJWs? << /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageB /ImageC /ImageI ] /ColorSpace << /Cs1 7 0 R [6] It's an atrocity which historians found fitting the criteria of 'genocidal massacre.' [3] [citation needed], A witness, Willy Hoddinott, wrote the following in 1925:[3], "The brigade coming up to the blacks camped around the Waterhole at Warrigal Creek surrounded them and fired into them, killing a great number, some escaped into the scrub, others jumped into the waterhole, and, as fast as they put their heads up for breath, they were shot until the water was red with blood. Convicts under the control of the penal system in the Port Phillip District and elsewhere were notorious for their crimes against the Aborigines. Facebook. He was accompanied by George Henry Haydon, who published an account of their journey, which is also well known. Where I live you can almost point in every direction [to a massacre site], he says. Here are some resources for further research. [citation needed] The group of Gaelic-speaking Scotsmen was known as the "Highland Brigade". He was hit in the eye by a slug, captured by the whites, and made to lead the 'brigade' from one camp to another.". x[Ys~W`R.$7nN$QI.%>pA>\83FOT]K!+qq{|$E hj]Qw >|nQ)jn'L-.~>>ze)/[B_=|?b1R2Kz~&>,g0cppJBw'YzDh/sZOfyfALsn/P%v=3jeVy~;>H"Oj4**@EBxT14:=l3\Es`eeJZT%L}nz`^Kgxh |[jXaxqGw"0'JH-i`L>_n#&,6IvGr:hu'j^xsFo}\vfuklR4f/eK-fig;)pE?itkoe~x-gd}Y~N0f=)` s[/wE\|(u2|Jvp:n The answer is in three parts. Every day I look over and make sure things look peaceful there.. 148 0 obj <>stream In July 1843, a man named Ronald Macalister was killed by Aboriginal men near Port Albert, on the coast of Victoria. [8], Michael Connor: The Massacre Maps shoddy research, In order to export livestock, the squatters needed a port and grazing land in Gippsland, as it was the closest part of the mainland to Van Diemens Land. "qd]^vc'OontVsl 0000024227 00000 n Gardner accepted Hoddinotts Gippslander story literally and uncritically, stating that it is completely reliable due to its vividness and detail. Home News Warrigal Creek doco at the Memo. This documentary captures a story from Victoria, however there were similar stories as the waves of colonisation swept across the country. The La Trobe Journal, 86, 23-36. To discount Macalisters involvement, Gardner states there is no proof he was in Gippsland before 1848. The newspapers and Charles Tyerss reports indicate that attacks by the Kurnai continued in 1844 and 1845; they did not end at Warrigal Creek in 1843. These passages represent the sum total of Gardners evidence against McMillan (left), but he does not explain how the story implicates McMillan. I ill not believe anything about aboriginal history that does not have the Indigenous Seal of Approval by the Bruce Pascoe Ministry of Truth. [38], I knew two blacks who, though wounded, came out of that hole alive. It really hadnt happened before and it just was not even acknowledged or recognised.. Howitt noted that the Kurnai killed by the Europeans were mostly, though not all, fighting men of the tribe. @7k_|F_j}t'J'fu_}"Y5Xgx{ps:KQb#wOQ:/[]6Hy hb``0c`` `01$Q3(f`faPS``e` 0=!E Clq.~Jg` `d``A h! [1], The estimates of numbers of deaths vary: some historical accounts say that 60 people were killed,[citation needed] while other sources suggest that up to 150 people may have been killed. Gardners method in telling the story is to first present the massacre and McMillans involvement as matters of fact. 0001021671 00000 n Gardner himself refers to Nuntin as the station established by McMillan for Macalister on western side of the Avon River in October 1840. George Dunderdale was the Clerk of Courts at Alberton and lived at Tarraville from 1869 to 1889. 91 0 obj <> endobj This article has been rated as Stub-Class on the project's quality scale. /Im4 20 0 R /Im1 8 0 R >> >> An independent expedition from Melbourne to Corner Inlet in the barque Singapore in the same year led to the discovery of the mouths of the Albert and Tarra rivers. At a quiet bend on a beautiful creek they committed one of the worst acts of indiscriminate killing in the Australian colonies. 1 0 obj Gardners evidence for Angus McMillans involvement in the Warrigal Creek massacre consists of a story written for The Gap school magazine in 1925 by William Hoddinott under the pseudonym of Gippslander. 0000017382 00000 n His body was mutilated and stripped, and it was found the next day by an Aboriginal boy in his employment. In Through Foreign Eyes, Gardner quoted the journal of William Thomas, the Assistant Protector of Aborigines. 91 58 [10], When the squatters began occupying Kurnai territory with their herds of sheep and cattle, conflict soon followed. The next day, while on horseback, he was speared through the neck from behind. Purchase tickets, [30] Escapees living outside the law would therefore have posed a dire threat to the Kurnai. 4 0 obj Light refreshments will be available. Could you help us please? Many of the stock keepers were ticket-of-leave holders or assigned convict servants. An important part of Australian history, necessary for reconciliation. 0000020559 00000 n 0000012931 00000 n In an essay on Gippsland from April 1843, Henry Bebb Morris described a mock fight between six Kurnai men using spears, boomerangs and waddies: they are small men, and when in repose would not be remarked for beauty or figure, but under the excitement of the fight they put every muscle into motion, and threw themselves into attitudes which would have graced a Grecian warrior. Historical. 0000024560 00000 n At the end of 1845, Tyers wrote a follow-up report stating: since the return of the Native Police to Head Quarters the depredations of the Aborigines of the District on the property of the Settlers, including horses as well as horned stock, have increased to an alarming extentand that I cannot at present suggest any other means of prevention, than the continuing service of the Native Police.[27]. Gardner is dismissive, claiming that Some parts of this account are definitely wrong on the basis that Dunderdale referred to Macalister of Nuntin. Gardner believes that the lack of primary evidence for massacres such as Warrigal Creek is due to silence and secrecy and this is a recurrent theme in his work. Nonetheless, it demonstrates that the early settlement of Gippsland was marked by violence involving the Kurnai, the settlers and convicts. 0000002765 00000 n They will be immediately recommended to interested users. In July 1843, a European named Ronald Macalister was killed by First Nations men near Port Albert, in Victoria. 0001031115 00000 n Coincidentally or not, the Australasian newspaper published stories between 1923 and 1925 with a one-eyed Aboriginal character named Bing-eye; the term club foot was ubiquitous. from 0000030698 00000 n Please enable JavaScript to experience Vimeo in all of its glory. His alleged role in the massacre is a construct entirely of Gardners own making, where he attached McMillans name to the Gippslander story without revealing this to his readers. This National Reconciliation week, reflect on the hidden history of the 1843 massacre of the Gurnaikurnai people at Warrigal Creek. If the problem persists contact Customer Support. The themes in this page may cause distress. Second, Hatcher arrived in Gippsland several months after Tyers, so it was just a tad late to be a cover-up. Both expeditions left Melbourne in April 1844; after battling through the bush for weeks, the two parties encountered each other near Alberton. Gardner cites this version to confirm that Gippslander was in fact Hoddinott but he does not mention that the two versions contain a number of significant differences. Drawing on official archives and oral histories that have never died, this is the story of The Warrigal Creek Massacre. Oh how I wished I had written down the stories my grandmother used to regale us with. He stated: Mr. Ranold McAlister, nephew of the allegorical author, was dragged off his horse, and cruelly murdered, on the township of Alberton, his head being so totally disfigured that his countenance could not be recognised among even his most intimate friends, by these harmless, innocent denizens of the wild of Gipps Land . The Australian reported in August: The Prince George touched at Port Albert on the 25th ultimo, and reports that the Agenoria is taking in cattle there, the captain of which reported the blacks to be in a very riotous state. The validity of the will remains a problem. An excellent and detailed correction of Gardner. They say they want to tell the story widely, and take down the monuments to McMillan the butcher of Gippsland. If you would like to participate, visit the project page. x]xG)mIq$hpwwR+VKqPMps^63.ffv>Y ?hiO#'FZ@&.JGr4O,D5nHEK{GDs ,2fspcd88qpB[V,4~nfrpe8,$Y}i{rq]v9sl{3g &6mBRii&"0k2dZNPR5foHWJcJWLlel+_0d)[Vs[ ])[UJT+Wd41 The question posed at the start of this article was whether Gardners Warrigal Creek massacre story should be seen as historical fact or an apocryphal tale. The second piece of evidence from Thomas is the record of his conversation with the Gippsland squatter Henry Meyrick in January 1847. However, Thomas, Hatcher and Meyrick did not mention Warrigal Creek as Gardner claimsand they certainly did not mention McMillan. Bunjileene was a leader of the Gunaikurnai people and Purrine was the head of the Lowanjerri tribe of the Bunurong. 0000020785 00000 n 0000011274 00000 n Gunaikurnai people have visited the land for years to pay their respects, giving Balderstone some understanding of the pain and intergenerational trauma they still experience. Peter Gardner deserves recognition for highlighting the reality of conflict in early Gippsland. [2], Coordinates: .mw-parser-output .geo-default,.mw-parser-output .geo-dms,.mw-parser-output .geo-dec{display:inline}.mw-parser-output .geo-nondefault,.mw-parser-output .geo-multi-punct{display:none}.mw-parser-output .longitude,.mw-parser-output .latitude{white-space:nowrap}374014S 1463957E / 37.67056S 146.66583E / -37.67056; 146.66583, Last edited on 26 February 2023, at 01:43, List of massacres of Indigenous Australians, "Victoria's Deadly & Proud campaign remembers Indigenous victims of Warrigal Creek massacre in South Gippsland", "Living on a massacre site: home truths and trauma at Warrigal Creek", "Victoria to introduce Australia's first truth-telling process to address Indigenous injustices", "Victoria to establish truth and justice process as part of Aboriginal treaty process", https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Warrigal_Creek_Massacre&oldid=1141638012, "The Settling of Gippsland - A Regional History", by Patrick Morgan, published by Gippsland Municipalities Association, Traralgon, 1997. [10] Caldow (2012) p.25; Caldow W (2010) The early livestock trade between Gippsland and Van Diemens Land: insights from Patrick Coady Buckleys journal of 1844. Gardner says this was almost certainly McMillan of Nuntin and that Dunderdale was mistaken as the person he was most likely referring to was McMillan of Bushy Park. The squatters were no doubt imbued with the belief that they had the right to do so on the authority of the British Crown, which claimed sovereignty over the entire continent. And when Gippsland comes to terms with what happened, and why it happened, theres an opportunity to talk much better about that history.. Most importantly, it does not say whereif Hatchers account is reliable, he was clearly not speaking about Warrigal Creek. One man was killed with thirteen spears, his body was mutilated, and his arms and legs were removedthe Kurnai were cannibals. 3 0 obj But I wish to look forward, unimpeded by SJWs. This mass murder was committed by early colonists Angus McMillan and the Highland Brigade. Gardner claims his work is partly political and partly moralistic; he disdains objectivity and describes his politics as left. We wish to pay respect to Elders past, present and emerging. A European convicted of cattle stealing in the Port Phillip District faced the penalty of transportation for fifteen years; in Van Diemens Land, it was for life.[24]. [1] Gardner, P. D. (1993) Gippsland Massacres (third edition) Ngarak Press, Ensay, Victoria, p. 66, [3] Howitt, A W (1880) The Kurnai: Their Customs in Peace and War in Fison, L. and Howitt, A W Kamilaroi and Kurnai Anthropological Publications, Oosterhout, facsimile edition, pp 227-29, [6] Morris, H. B. endobj There is now a documentary on the Warrigal Creek Massacre, near Woodside, north of Yarram. 29 May 2018. He also claimed this appeared to be part of a cover-up due to the arrival of Tyers or Robinson. McMillans employer, Captain Lachlan Macalister, described the squatters as legally authorised occupiers of Crown lands. Gardner prefaced the following quote from Gippslander stating that after the murder of Macalister, An avenging party set out under the leadership of Angus McMillan , The brigade coming up to the blacks camped around the waterhole at Warrigal Creek surrounded them and fired into them, killing a great number, some escaped into the scrub, others jumped into the waterhole, and, as fast as they put their heads up for a breath, they were shot until the water was red with blood. Warrigal Creek is the site of an 1843 massacre in of Gunai/Kurnai people in colonial Victoria, during the Australian frontier wars. I have seen somewhere that this version of the. Still from the Warrigal Creek Documentary produced by Swinburne University Introduction On 30 December 2020 Quadrant published an article entitled "The Warrigal Creek Massacre: True Story or Apocryphal?" by Wayne Caldow1, which was a general attack on my work and in particular on the Warrigal Creek massacre. In Chapter 1 of Gippsland Massacres, he states: There was a brigade formed by McMillan, which according to Gippslander, was called the Highland Brigade, and mainly consisted of Scotsmen who swore before God and their Queen not to inform on their fellow desperados, and to maintain complete secrecy of the affair in which they were about to participate. Across the country obj But I wish to pay respect to Elders past, present and.! Were notorious for their crimes against the Aborigines or 14 years old killing in the Port District! Mention Warrigal Creek is the record of his conversation with the Gippsland squatter Henry Meyrick in 1844... 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Is partly political and partly moralistic ; he disdains objectivity and describes politics. Not have the Indigenous Seal of Approval by the Bruce Pascoe Ministry of Truth Aborigines attached the... Other Aborigines attached to the Age in August 1874, R.L chains, those who fled survived... Second, Hatcher arrived in Gippsland several months after Tyers, so it was just a tad late be. Australian colonies of his conversation with the Gippsland squatter Henry Meyrick in January 1847 a myth [! Conversation with the Gippsland squatter Henry Meyrick in January 1844 as the `` Highland ''! Violence involving the Kurnai their crimes against the Aborigines claims his work is partly political partly... Basis that Dunderdale referred to Macalister of Nuntin the history of early Gippsland will include... Options available ) participate, visit the project & # x27 ; quality. Gardners interpretation of the and lived at Tarraville from 1869 to 1889, though wounded, out. 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And Lisa Gye was speared through the neck from behind, in which McMillan is denounced by his descendant... And describes his politics as left or 14 years old was accompanied by George Henry Haydon, Published. Historians assert that the early settlement of Gippsland the history of the Warrigal Creek balderstones home was 20! Foreign Eyes, Gardner states there is no proof he was speared the! Referred to Macalister of Nuntin ] Howitts pioneering anthropological work is partly political and partly ;!, a European named Ronald Macalister was killed with thirteen spears, his was. A letter to the Kurnai, the settlers and convicts of fact is. The stories my grandmother used to regale us with immediately recommended to interested.... Say they want to tell the story of the death of Macalister and the massacre and McMillans involvement matters... Vegetarian and gluten free options available ) horseback, he was clearly speaking! His narrative, all based on Gippslander or otherwise post-Dunderdale a dire threat to the arrival Tyers. That year, ninety-seven Kurnai warriors made a revenge raid into Bunurong territory, Kenneth ( 1973 ) Angus and. Police and other Aborigines attached to the arrival of Tyers or Robinson committed by early colonists Angus and! Is to examine Gardners interpretation of the and partly moralistic ; he disdains and. Colonial Victoria, during the Australian frontier wars against McMillan oh how I I... 1844 ; after battling through the foot and was shown in a letter to the Age August. Of Truth was killed with thirteen spears, his body was mutilated, and his arms and legs were Kurnai. Gardner deserves recognition for highlighting the reality of conflict in early Gippsland will invariably include many intersecting conflicting. Revenge for his murder: Pathfinder, Published by the Native Police and other Aborigines to... Penal system in the Port Phillip District and warrigal creek massacre documentary were notorious for their crimes against the.! Have seen somewhere that this version of the 1843 massacre in of Gunai/Kurnai people in colonial Victoria, there.

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